The Effect Of Savings And Consumption On The National...

Economy January 1 2014 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] [Type the document subtitle] Table of Contents Answer 1 3 Answer 2 4 Answer 3 6 Answer 4 7 Answer 5 9 Answer 6 11 Answer 7 12 Answer 8 14 Answer 9 16 Bibliography 18 Answer 1 The multiplier is actually the method of measuring the effects of savings and consumption on the national income of an economy and it also shows the relationship between change in income and change in investment. The multiplier effect occurs when an input causes a bigger final increase in national income, for example, if the spending by the government increases by $550 billion, there would be an initial increase in aggregate demand of $550 billion. Every time there is an input of new demand into the circular flow of money there is most probably to be a multiplier effect. This is because an input of extra income leads to more spending, that creates more income, and so on. The multiplier effect refers to the rise in final income arising from any new input or spending by the government or any financial body. The size of the multiplier depends upon household’s marginal decision to spend, called the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), or to save, marginal propensity to save (MPS) . So the effect of increase in savings on the multiplierShow MoreRelatedHousehold Expenditure and Savings1090 Words   |  5 Pagesthe response of personal savings and expenditure to changes in the interest rates is a central to many issues in the economic policy. If personal savings decline as a result, the overall increase in the national savings would be less than the reduction in the budget deficit. Alternatively, contractionary monetary policy generally causes interest rates to rise. It personal saving increase as a result, the corresponding fall in consumer expenditure helps to slow the economy. Household behaviour isRead MoreAn Interview Of Mr. Connor s The Real Estate Market And Its Effects On The Elder Canadians881 Words   |  4 PagesThe report is based on an interview of Mr. Dean Connor, CEO, Sun Life Financial, which addresses a major potential issue in the real estate market. The report shows the concern of Mr. Connor regarding the dynamic real estate market and its effects on the elder Canadians. According to Mr. Connor, the debts on the mortgage should be closed before retirement. The interest rates are apparently increasing and this would decrease the value of real estate business soon. And he is afraid that majority ofRead MoreOutline and Explain the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem and Assess the Evidence Bearing on It.1515 Words   |  7 PagesBarrow in the 19th century, suggests that taking into account the government budget constraint a budget deficit will have no effect on national saving- the sum of private and public saving, in an economy. In this essay I am going to explain the reasoning behind this, assess its likelihood and finally review evidence either supporting or opposing the theorem. In an economy, if government spending exceeds government revenues, borrowing money (for example by issuing government bonds or increasing taxation)Read MoreDissertation Proposal1339 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of an individual economy passes through different economic phases. Sometimes it is booming and sometimes it suffers from recession. This phenomenon can be viewed as projection of consumption and investment strategies of the individuals and the government of the country. Interest rate, being a major factor of economics, plays a great role in economic activities carried out by nation and the nationalities. A change in interest rates may affect other factors of the economy. For instance, investmentRead MoreChina s Consumption And Its Consumption768 Words   |  4 PagesChina’s consumption, it is important to figure out feasible policies that the Chinese government could implement to stimulate its consumption efficiently. Anderson (2007) points out China’s firm s’ expropriate market share and profits from other countries cause China’s excess savings. Therefore, China’s imbalance economy does not result from low consumptions, but results from Chinese companies’ high profits and their rising savings. 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Change in expectations can shift the aggregate demand (AD) curve; expectations of inflation can cause inflation. For this reason expectations are central to all policy discussions, and what people believe policy will be significantly influences the effectiveness of the policy. Expectations complicate models and policymakingRead MoreEconomics and National Income1160 Words   |  5 PagesAn economy is currently in equilibrium. The following figures refer to elements in its national income accounts. | | £ billions | |Consumption (total) |60 | |Investment |5 | |Government expenditure |8 | |Imports |10 | |Exports |7 | (a) What is the current equilibrium level of national incomeRead MoreEcon984 Words   |  4 Pagesthat country. A5-3. In Saudi Arabia, gross domestic product (GDP) is less than gross national product (GNP). This means that the nation produces domestically more than it is able to consume domestically. A5-4. If aggregate household saving is negative, the marginal propensity to save from disposable income must be negative. A5-5. If desired aggregate expenditure is greater than actual national output, national output will increase. A5-6. If the domestic price level decreases, the price of domesticRead MoreEconomics1000 Words   |  4 PagesAssume a consumption function that takes on the following algebraic form: C = $100 + .8Y. Assume that Y = $1000 what is the level of consumption at this income level. C = $100 + .8($1000) = $100 + $800 = $900. 1. Using the above figure calculate the marginal propensity to consume between the aggregate income levels of $80 and $100. Also explain why this consumption function is linear. The marginal propensity to consume is equal to $15/$20 = .75. The consumption function

Introduction Of Feminism Throughout A Doll s House

Ryan Curry Mrs. Sherry Keown English 200-632 27 March 2016 The Introduction of Feminism through Female Roles in A Doll’s House According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, feminism is defined as â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† and viewed as â€Å"organized activity on behalf of women’s rights and interests†. During the early 1960s, many women began to advocate for feminist rights and social equality. In 1962, Marilyn Monroe passed away, and the following year journalist Gloria Steinem auditioned undercover to become a Playboy Bunny, through which she exploited the dirty, male-run system (Cochrane, 2013). Pre-feminism, men were often in control of the actions and decisions women made, and they usually had to approve and oversee any legal matters the women were involved in. The men in the household were considered the workers and the breadwinners, and women were viewed as the homemakers and caregivers. Feminism argues that the roles can actually be reversed. Feminism was al so marked by the literature of Sylvia Plath, who passed away in 1963. Speaking of feminism and literature, Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian playwright, is credited with having written perhaps the first feminist play: A Doll’s House. Through the independent decisions made by the female characters Mrs. Nora Helmer, Mrs. Kristine Linde, and Anne Marie, Ibsen revolutionized the role of women in society, as well as their rights to take control of their own lives. Anne Marie, also knowsShow MoreRelatedA Feminist Criticism A Doll s House1372 Words   |  6 Pages102 A1W November 11,2014 A Feminist Criticism A Doll House A Doll’s House, written by Henrik Ibsen examines the controversial point of persuasion of love and marriage that emphasis marital vows and women’s roles, during the nineteenth century. Where feminism lurks throughout the entire play. Through this play, I shall show you what I perceived what the writer Ibsen presumption of the equivalence among men and woman, and the idea of feminism. Where Women have a specific purpose, to hold upRead MoreGlaspell s Trifles And The Invisibility Of Women1490 Words   |  6 PagesGlaspell’s Trifles and the Invisibility of Women Susan Glaspell’s play Trifles and Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House are plays that explore a number of important features of femininity and life as a woman. Trifles explores a number of thematic ideas surrounding a woman’s place and her propensity for violence. The Author explores a thematic idea that centers on the proper dispensation of justice: Glaspell critically investigates the question of whether an individual can truly receive justice fromRead MoreNora Helmer s A Doll s House2548 Words   |  11 PagesWhen the door slams at the end of â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henry Ibsen, No one would not believe the woman walking out of her house is the same one who appeared at the beginning of the play. The main character in this play is Nora. Nora goes through a complete transformation, changing from a child like and dependant woman to a self strong woman pushing to become independent. Ibsen portrays the roles of society in the Victorian times in this play. Throu ghout her whole life, Nora’s husband and father haveRead More A Comparison of Gender-Roles in A Dolls House and A Streetcar named Desire1400 Words   |  6 PagesGender-Roles in A Dolls House and A Streetcar named Desire   Ã‚   The roles of males and females in our society are subjects that entail great criticism, and have been under scrutiny for as long as a `society has existed. In analyzing A Dolls House by Henrick Ibsen and A Streetcar named Desire by Tennessee Williams, the effects that gender-roles have on relationships is an evident aspect in both of the plays. The choice of words used by the authors strongly underscores the themes of supremacyRead MoreA Doll s House : Dolls2775 Words   |  12 Pages A Doll’s House: Dolls in Real Life Introduction Today, the accepted roles of both women and men judged by society’s expectations is an extremely controversial topic. Feminism is a battle that many women are fighting, because even though today’s women can be and accomplish almost anything, men often play the more superior role in many relationships. The role of women has been viewed differently throughout different points in history and in different areas. However, many people don t realize thatRead MoreA Doll s House : Dolls2775 Words   |  12 Pages A Doll’s House: Dolls in Real Life Introduction Today, the accepted roles of both women and men judged by society’s expectations is an extremely controversial topic. Feminism is a battle that many women are fighting, because even though today’s women can be and accomplish almost anything, men often play the more superior role in many relationships. The role of women has been viewed differently throughout different points in history and in different areas. However, many people don t realizeRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen2768 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Today, the accepted roles of both women and men judged by society’s expectations is an extremely controversial topic. Feminism is a battle that many women are fighting, because even though today’s women can be and accomplish almost anything, men often play the more superior role in many relationships. The role of women has been viewed differently throughout different points in history and in different areas. However, many people don t realize that the slight lack of power women seemRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1784 Words   |  8 Pagesstated, â€Å"Feminism is the radical notion that women are human beings.† This statement is relevant to A Doll’s House and is relatable to the female audience. Not only does A Doll’s House incorporate relevant matters, it includes great character development in the protagonist, Nora. Her display of bravery moved many readers. Unlike A Doll’s House, Frankenstein, which is quite fictitious, may appea r to not be relatable. From the summer readings assigned for Sophomore World Literature, A Doll’s House, a playRead MoreNora – a Classical Hero in Henrik Ibsens a Doll`S House2683 Words   |  11 PagesNora – A Classical Hero in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll`s House Nora Helmer makes the right decision to free herself from the social and traditional commitments and obligations and come and become an independent individual. Nora Helmer in Isbens A Dolls House lived in the world of predetermined social and societal constraints that made her deprived her of her freedom and happiness. The society in which she lived wanted people to live according to the rigidly set norms and standards of the societyRead MoreAntigone, By Susan Glaspell And The Doll House1812 Words   |  8 Pagesdegradation towards women of society. Over the course of time the role of women has changed dramatically, and the plays Antigone by Sophocles, Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Doll House by Henrik Ibsen are great works that show how women can challenge the boundaries that were put on them by a society that was not very accepting of feminism. In â€Å"Antigone†, it does not take long for our main character (Antigone) to step outside of the boundaries set against women in society. Antigone’s brothers died in battle

Social Determinants of Health WHO

Question: Write about theSocial Determinants of Healthfor WHO. Answer: Obesity is the public health issue as per World Health Organisation or WHO. It is one of the leading causes of death in both developing and developed countries (World Health Organization, 2014). Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has increased two fold over the past two decades among children, teenagers, and adults. Therefore, the rising burden of obesity has created a moral panic. Obesity is a multifactorial disease. It is known to be caused by genetics, over-eating and inappropriate diet, over-weight, hormones, environmental factors and lack of physical activity (Mitchell et al., 2014). The health impact of obesity includes diabetes, eating disorder, cancer, comorbidities such as renal failure, heart failure and death (Buchmueller Johar, 2015). Consequently, the disease has increased the health care cost. The exact cause of obesity must be known to prevent the global pandemic of obesity. The essay aims to identify if obesity is caused by broader social determinants of health or individual lifestyle choices. The essay highlights the determinants of obesity and discuss its relationship with individual lifestyle choices. The risk factors of obesity and its implications are also explored in essay. Obesity is characterised by excess fat accumulation in body which is found to reduce life expectancy. It is also measured in terms of body mass index or BMI. A BMI over 30kg/m2 represents obesity and is calculated as a ratio of individuals weight in Kg and square of height. It an important tool to asses obesity in all age groups at population level (Tanamas et al., 2014). Different BMI scores can determine the health risks due to obesity. For instance, if an individuals BMI is between 25-29 the condition can be referred as overweight. There are three classes of obesity and the first class is identified by BMI range of 30 and 34.9. Obesity of class 2 is recognised by BMI between 35 and 39. If the BMI is 40 or more then it is an alarm for high risk obesity and adverse consequences (Swinburn Wood, 2013). Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has increased two fold over the past two decades among children, teenagers, and adults. According to WHO, in 2014, there were 1.9 billion obese adults and of these more than 600 million adults were marked obese. As per these reports 13% of the worlds adult population in 2014 were obese. It includes 15% of women and 11% of men. These reports highlighted that 39% of the population (18 years and above) were overweight in 2014 (World Health Organization, 2014). The rate of obesity is climbing faster in Australia than any other place in world. Australia is considered as one of the fattest developed nation due to rising trend of obesity (Kendall et al., 2015). According to the reports of Swinburn Wood, (2013) the obesity is estimated to rise to 38% by 2025 from current per cent of 28. In Australia, higher numbers of young adults are representive of obesity than the adults, which indicates individual lifestyle factors as underlying cause of the disease. The cause of obesity is debateable as there are multiple factors responsible for rising trend of obesity in children, adolescents, and adults. Diet is primary factor responsible for obesity. The weight of an individual is determined by the energy expenditure and the intake of calorie. The imbalance between the two parameters leads to overweight or underweight. Obesity is identified to be primarily associated with intake of high calories food and lack of physical activity (Teixeira et al., 2015). Overweight can result from genetic predisposition, defect in metabolism, individual behaviour, environmental and cultural factors. For instance, fat regulation is impaired by leptin deficiency and this problem is hereditary in nature. Similarly, intake of diet rich in carbohydrates, and saturated fatty acids leads to overweight individuals. Weight gain results from spike in insulin level which occurs due to consumption of large meals. The insulin level remains stable when small meals are take n frequently. Sedentary life style, results in weight gain due to low amount of calories burnt and is one of the major contributing factor of obesity. Hypothyroidism is the endocrine disorder which also contributes to obesity (Suglia et al., 2013). According to WHO, the risk factors of obesity are unhealthy lifestyle choices such as having fat and calorie rich diet, lack of physical activity, stress, and lack of sleep. Socioeconomic factors are also a risk for obesity development. Low social connectedness or unhealthy social environment, low socioeconomic statuses are found to be factors contributing to obesity (Roberto et al., 2015). Social determinants of health on a broad aspect are recognised to cause obesity. In order to develop effective interventions, it is necessary to know the relationship between social determinants and obesity. Educational status, Gender, age, employment status ethnicity, behavioural factors like smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercises and socioeconomic factors are the determinants of obesity. Among all the determinants, the socioeconomic factor is highest concern for obesity (Flores et al., 2015). People belonging to low socioeconomic class are prone to eating unhealthy diet and malnutrition due to low cost of living. They depend on fast foods and other food that do not met the bodys requirements of fats, protein and carbohydrates. Thus, people with obesity are highly represented from low socioeconomic status (Bhurosy Jeewon, 2014). On the other hand, people belonging to upper class society or having high socioeconomic status adopt healthy lifestyle. They have good housing facilitie s, healthy diet, and people participate in health promoting activities (Kennedy, 2015). However, it was also found that people with high socioeconomic status highly engage in sedentary lifestyle. The working population of high socioeconomic group due to busy schedule depend on ready to eat food of fast food centres, do not participate in physical activities, and are vulnerable to obesity. Children of working parents engage in watching television, eating junk food at schools and other sedentary behaviours that are not monitored on time and contribute to high BMI and obesity (Popkin Slining, 2013). The high socioeconomic group of people have been found to regularly visit fast food chain restaurants such as McDonalds. These groups of people mostly purchase large sizes of burger and consume beverages that increase calorie and fat level in body. However, due to lack of physical activities these fats and calories are accumulated leading to weight gain and obesity. Residents in close proximity of fast food centres are highest consumers of fat and calories then residents staying far apart. This behaviour indicates influence of individual lifestyle choices on obesity. Obesity is reco gnised to be an extension of advancing economy and technology (Bhurosy Jeewon, 2014). With the availability of smart phones and increasing popularity and use of e-commerce, accessing fast food has become easy for people living in distant part of cities or remote areas. These labour saving devices have increased consumption of fast food due to home delivery of food in maximum 30 minutes of time. It saves cooking time and people are more attracted to fast food. In addition, smoking and alcohol consumption add to the sedentary choices. Consequently, this group of people are found with low energy expenditure (Witten, 2016). Another most important factor determining obesity is gender. For instance, in America, more women than men are obese as women have higher body fat percentage. However, the scenario is not same in different countries (Flores et al., 2015). Cultural factors also play great role in obesity. In some countries, cultural factors favour larger body size (fat acceptance). It is regarded as sign of healthfulness, fertility, and prosperity (Robinson Christiansen, 2014). Age is another risk factor of obesity. In Australia, the number of overweight and obese males over 18 years was more than females. Obesity has been identified to increase with age. In Australia, rate of obesity is found to increase between 45 and 74 years for males and between 55 and 74 years of age for females. After 75 years of age the rate of obesity declines by 69% in males (Rahman Harding, 2013). Environmental factors influence eating behaviour. For instance, remote regions and rural areas lack accessibility to variety of food items therefore, people choose from limited options that may not meet adequate nutritional requirements of body (Flores et al., 2015). Psychological factors such as depression and anxiety also determine eating behaviours. Problematic eating such as snacking high calorie food items mindlessly or night eating leads to binge eating disorder in adolescents and children (Suglia et al., 2013). Education and health literacy is related to rising trend of obesity. People with high educational attainment tend to easily understand health and illness. The awareness of healthy and unhealthy lifestyle activities assist in making effective health decisions. People with poor educational attainment lack awareness about consequences of overeating and obesity. Health literacy help people participate actively in health promoting activities such as exercises, maintaing norm al vital signs, making lifestyle modifications and seeking counselling services for psychological issues. On the people with low health literacy, remain unaware of risk factors of chronic illnesses and initiatives that can prevent the adverse consequences (Witten, 2016). The cumulative effect of cultural, social, environmental and individual lifestyle factors causing obesity has several implications (Flores et al., 2015). The health implications of obesity include insulin resistance diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases. More men that are obese are dying due to colorectal cancer and women that are obese are dying due to endometrial cancer. Severe obesity leads to sleep apnoea, hypercapnia,and degenerative joint disease. These health risks are due to distribution of body fat. Obesity has significant impact on economy due to rising health care costs related to mortality and morbidity (Specchia et al., 2015). Since, it is evident that obesity is a complex mesh of multifactorial interactions, there is a need to address the dominant determinants of obesity such as individual choices and social factors causing obesogenic behaviour (Buchmueller Johar, 2015). Understanding the risk factors and raising awareness may d ecrease the vulnerability to the illness. More interventions are needed at societal and individual level then at medical level. Healthy lifestyle modification is vital which may be possible through stringent government policies on fast food restaurants, and initiate compulsory health education in every country (through campaigns and mass awareness) (Malik et al., 2013). More interventions are needed at psychological level to change compulsive eating behaviour, promote uptake of physical activities, and omit fat acceptance. In conclusion, obesity is the outcome of complex interactions of individual lifestyle choices and social determinants of health. Social factors and individual lifestyle choices are primary contributing factors of obesity out of various cultural, psychological and environmental factors. It implies the need of health education to address obesity and its adverse health activities. People need to be educated about healthy lifestyle choices. There is a need of more research in the area of gender disparities in overweight and obesity and cultural influences to understand the pandemic and develop preventive strategies. References Bhurosy, T., Jeewon, R. (2014). Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: a problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status?.The Scientific World Journal,2014. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/964236/abs/ Buchmueller, T. C., Johar, M. (2015). Obesity and health expenditures: evidence from Australia.Economics Human Biology,17, 42-58. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X1500012X Flores, M. R., Velazquez, V. V., Mejia, G. T., Fuentes, V. S., Peniche, L. P., Maciel, R., ... Garcia, E. G. (2015). Association of Socioeconomic Factors with Success in the Treatment of Obesity.Canadian Journal of Diabetes,39, S72. https://www.canadianjournalofdiabetes.com/article/S1499-2671(15)00303-2/abstract Kendall, B. J., Wilson, L. F., Olsen, C. M., Webb, P. M., Neale, R. E., Bain, C. J., Whiteman, D. C. (2015). Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to overweight and obesity.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,39(5), 452-457. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1753-6405.12458/full Kennedy, K. (2015). Increased Patient Health Literacy and Healthcare Provider Structural Competence: Public and Private Strategies for Improving Patient Health Outcomes. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/tactalks/2015/spring/6/ Malik, V. S., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B. (2013). Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(1), 13-27. https://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v9/n1/abs/nrendo.2012.199.html Mitchell, R. J., Lord, S. R., Harvey, L. A., Close, J. C. (2014). Associations between obesity and overweight and fall risk, health status and quality of life in older people.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(1), 13-18. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1753-6405.12152/full Popkin, B. M., Slining, M. M. (2013). New dynamics in global obesity facing low?and middle?income countries.Obesity Reviews,14(S2), 11-20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12102/full Rahman, A., Harding, A. (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity epidemic in Australia: some causes and consequences.JP Journal of Biostatistics,10(1), 31. https://search.proquest.com/openview/83c4e06e520973d6bd8ac2a3fff46085/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=1816344 Roberto, C. A., Swinburn, B., Hawkes, C., Huang, T. T., Costa, S. A., Ashe, M., ... Brownell, K. D. (2015). Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking.The Lancet,385(9985), 2400-2409. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067361461744X Robinson, E., Christiansen, P. (2014). The changing face of obesity: exposure to and acceptance of obesity.Obesity,22(5), 1380-1386. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20699/full Specchia, M. L., Veneziano, M. A., Cadeddu, C., Ferriero, A. M., Mancuso, A., Ianuale, C., ... Ricciardi, W. (2015). Economic impact of adult obesity on health systems: a systematic review.The European Journal of Public Health,25(2), 255-262. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/25/2/255/2837324/Economic-impact-of-adult-obesity-on-health-systems Suglia, S. F., Duarte, C. S., Chambers, E. C., Boynton-Jarrett, R. (2013). Social and behavioral risk factors for obesity in early childhood.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP,34(8), 549. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960979/ Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand.Obesity Reviews,14(S2), 60-68 . https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12103/full Tanamas, S. K., Shaw, J. E., Backholer, K., Magliano, D. J., Peeters, A. (2014). Twelve?year weight change, waist circumference change and incident obesity: The Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study.Obesity,22(6), 1538-1545. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20704/full Teixeira, P. J., Carraa, E. V., Marques, M. M., Rutter, H., Oppert, J. M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., ... Brug, J. (2015). Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: a systematic review of self-regulation mediators.BMC medicine,13(1), 84. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0323-6 Witten, K. (2016).Geographies of obesity: environmental understandings of the obesity epidemic. Routledge. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=0O4GDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Geographies+of+obesity:+environmental+understandings+of+the+obesity+epidemicots=D74S9aG_Onsig=ZKaQyxj2799KcvqRR5KmfAc5ut8#v=onepageq=Geographies%20of%20obesity%3A%20environmental%20understandings%20of%20the%20obesity%20epidemicf=false World Health Organization. (2014).Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. World Health Organization. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20153093363

Inclusive Pedagogy

Question: Describe about the Inclusive Pedagogy of Politics? Answer: Introduction The methods of the training which incorporates the learning styles and the dynamic practices, varied resources of the assessment and also the content which are multicultural with the basic goals of doing the promotion of the student academic success as well as the cultural, physical and the social well being. In this module it will examine the range of the context in which the learning of the research takes place. It also introduces the concept and the principles which are provided with the opportunity how the teacher can helps the students so that they can overcome the problem which they are facing in doing the reading, listening, writing etc. In this context it also gives the suggestion and the solution which the teacher needs to follow to solve the problem what the students are facing (Arden and Kecht, 1993). Critical Discussion In this part it critically discusses the some of the points which are related to students and also give some of the solution which will help the students to overcome the mentioned problems. Some of the problems are listed below: Reading Writing Listening Following directions Taking tests Moving about the classroom Talking support the arguments with the examples from the own practices Reading Reading mainly is a cognitive process which is complex in nature of decoding the symbols so that it can construct and also derive the meaning. In the todays society reading becomes one of the fundamental of the function. It also becomes more important for the success of the children. Reading cannot be controlled by one or more than one interpretations. Reading cannot follow any of the concrete laws. It promotes the exploration of the texts during the interpretation. Reader uses many of the strategies so that it can assist with the help of decoding of the symbols into the sound and also the visual representations of the speech and the comprehension. There is other type of the reading which is not on the speech basis. It is mainly based on the writing system such as representation or the notation (Bacon and Handley, 2014). The importances of the reading for the children are listed below: Excellence on the basis of the academic Basic skills of the speech The basic way to read the book Developing the better communication skills Developing the thinking of the logical skills To enhance the more discipline and the concentration Helps in the acclamation of the new experiences The problem what the student face in doing the reading is known as dyslexia. Dyslexia is mainly a complex language problem. It is mainly deals with the way how the brain works without the vision. It also involves of not being able to break the word down with the sound that makes it up and also the children not being able to write and also thinks about the sound to make it up. They also face the problem in translating the language to the thought and also thought to the language. Commonly dyslexia is one of the most common disabilities of the learning. Some of the symptoms of the dyslexia are: Poor ability of the drawing. Getting difficult of putting the thoughts on the paper. Reversal of the letter or word when writing Understanding or the remembering difficulty The children mainly face this problem due to the immaturity in the development of the brain and due to this the children get the spatial confusion and also get confuses between the pairs of the letters. The roles of the teacher in preventing the problem of the dyslexia are given below (Barry et al., 2012): Providing the knowledge and skills It is very serious that the teachers have the better understanding of the complexities in the reading process and also the skill which needs to implement all the components of the instruction of the effective learning. To help the children in this type of the problem the teacher needs to do some of the basic task which includes in improving the encouragement of the children so that they can use their knowledge and also helps them by providing the needed information which they are lack age of the context which helps in understanding the text. Dong the help of the children in such a way that they can ask and also answer the question which helps them to improve the clarification and also confirm the ideas so that it can helps in exploring the new ideas. Teacher also provides some of the direct instruction so that it can promote the comprehension, fluency and the decoding of the information in the mind of the student. The teacher sometimes needs to answer the childrens queries and also p roperly monitoring of the performance. The teacher also needs to make the proper link between the writing and the reading instruction so that it helps the students in recognizing the interconnected processes so that it makes the improvement in the other. Motivate the children to read Teacher plays the one of the important role in doing the help of the children so that it can develop and also they can also maintain the positive attitude in improving the literacy and also the learning. Teacher also uses some of the complex cognitive policy so that they can improve the demonstration of the passion for doing the reading, they also acts as the best model readers in the case of the students. Teachers also have the knowledge how the children perceive their own ability as the reader and also give them support so that the children can develop the positive self attitude by providing the enough time to perceive the reading task. Teacher also needs to provide some of the opportunities so that the children can take part for the teamwork, social interaction and also the discussion. Teacher also needs to improve the focus of the children so that they can increase the level of the personal satisfaction and also achieving the goals which is different in the individual child. Teac her also makes the student learning some of the meaning things by taking the account the interest, needs of the children and also the age. Assessing and Observing Teacher needs to do some of the basic observation and also the assessment which varies from the children to the children. To do this type of the assessment the teacher use varieties of the assessment tools which includes running records, doing the self reflection, informal reading and also doing the special conference. They also use some of the assessment data so that the teacher can determine both the current strength and the weakness of the students. The teacher also needs to do the continually updating of the teaching strategies so that it can match the students growth. They also needs to give the proper attention to the very single students who are risking the reading failure and also needs to seek the support of the timely intervention when it becomes clear the classroom instruction. To improve the students mind satisfaction the teacher needs to provide some of the meaningful feedback of the children improvement by providing the marks and also doing the celebration of the childr en success and also let them to know where and also the what type of the improvement is needed (Bonifacci et al., 2013). Writing There are enormous numbers of the children who are intelligent and only have the capabilities of listening the conversation but they are basically unable to transfer their thoughts on the paper. The writing difficulties are getting more common among the children and also can stalk out from the varieties of the attention and the learning issues. This type of the problem who the students are facing is known as dysgraphia. Dysgraphia is mainly the condition which impacts the causes of the trouble facing by the written expression. Some of the children facing the problem with dysgraphia are just of holding the pencil and also the organizing of the letters which seems very difficult to them. Some of the symptoms which state the problem of the dysgraphia includes the poor structure of the words, habit of the mixing of the upper and the lower case of the letters, the improper way of holding the pencil and also showing some of the disinterest in doing the drawing and the writing, etc. To improve the problem of the dysgraphia the teacher also needs to take some of the drastic steps which are listed below: Creation of the positive environment Children facing with the problem of the dysgraphia are getting easily distracted by the sounds of the environment. So the noisy room creates the unfavorable effects in to the writing experiences of the students. So to improve the writing skill of the students the creation of the positive environment is the basic key. If the environment is quite it makes the students feels more ease and also the students can give more focus to improve the writing problems of the students. The teacher also needs to take some of the special treatment of these types of the children they needs to sit with the children specially when they writing and also required to provide the positive feedback about the improvement of the work and the teacher also needs to do one of the important things which is comparing the one child with the others. Adoption of the positive approach The children who have this type of problem in writing also tried to avoid the practicing of the writing so the teacher encourage the students by adopting the positive approach and also encourage them so that they enjoy the writing. In this approach it includes planning, writing of the draft, checking of the errors and also the rewriting. The teacher also can encourage the students by drawing etc so that it can make the whole session more interactive (Weekes, 2012). Encouragement of the various writing activities The teacher needs to make the students feel that the writing is not the difficult task and also needs to engage the children in the various activities of the writing. To encourage the children in writing the parents also needs to play some of the important role by suggesting the children to write the experience of the travelling of the holiday so that they can document their whole trip. This is also acts an important opportunity for the children to get the encouragement of the writing. Use of the assistive technologies The children who are facing the difficulty in the writing also can benefited by using the modern technology specially computers. Now days there are the availability of the some of the software tools which are specially designed for the students who are facing the problem of the dysgraphia. This interactive software includes some of the approach of the games and the fun activities. Scheduling the practice session of the writing To improve the writing of the children the teacher can schedule some of the time so that the students can practice of doing the writing and if the students do get agree of doing the practice of the writing the teacher also sometimes needs to improve the process of convincing the children so that the children can easily get ready for doing the writing. Listening The common cause of the listening problem of the students which they are facing more commonly is the auditory processing disorder. Some of the signs of the issues what the children are facing includes that the children constantly misses the given direction and also needs to repeat the direction. Sometimes it also seems that the children having this problem does not hear at the first time and also get distracted very easily and also its becomes hard for paying attention when anybody talk to them. To improve this type of the problem of the students the teacher also pays some of the vital role which is given below (Srader, 2014): Improve the acoustic nature To improve the acoustic nature of the classroom the teacher needs to make the environment of the classroom more free from the background noise and also needs to prevent the outside sound comes to the room so that the class room remain more free from the sound. The teacher also needs to look after the distance of the sound from the children so that they get the proper sound. Because if the distance of the sound gets more the students cannot get the clear sound which also can lead to the listening issues of the children. The teacher also needs to keep notice that the sound does not occur the reverberation of the sound. If the sound gets echoed the students get more puzzled by the occurrence of the different types of the sound (Weekes, 2012). Make the proper arrangement of seating of the students in the classroom Teacher also keeps remaining the constant notice with the children who are facing this type of the problem. Teacher also needs to make the children mostly on the first row of the class so that the children cannot get easily influences by the other children. This seating arrangement of the children also enhance the children to improve the ability of the children so that the children can give the full acknowledge to the sound and also improve the paying of the attention. This also helps the children so that they can make the sense of the sound which they are listening. The teacher also needs to improve that much quality among the students so that they can have that much ability to do the filtration of the sound which is important and which is not. The teacher also helps the students in doing the figure out of the languages and the speech (Wolvin, 2012). Teacher to face the children and also needs to speak slowly To this type of the children its not get easy to get the sentence if anybody speak in more speed so the teacher needs to speak slowly so that the students gets that much time to get the meaning of the sentence. This also improves the listening skills of the children because if the children get the meaning of the sentence they can get attracted to the listening. The teacher also needs to provide some of the written instructions so that the children can easily get what they are listening and also gets easy to capture the given information which are being educated in the classroom study (Zhou et al., 2012). To make the interactive session To improve the listening skills of the children along with the teacher the parents also needs to take part actively in which that the parents needs to talk with the children all the time so that in having the conversation they also gets the habit of talking and also gets the habit of listening. Teacher as well as the parents also needs to arrange the interactive session of storytelling in such a way that anybody only tells the half of the story and the other needs to conclude the story in this process the listening, thinking ability also gets improved. Make the whole session more interactive with the availability of both the visual and the audio so that the children can get more interest. Teacher also needs to make the session of the storytelling interactive with the basic interactive question and answer session in which after the whole story the teacher ask the children some of the question regarding the story and who will able to give the answer are rewarded. Teacher always needs t o try to gain the eye contact with the children and sometimes needs to ask the children to repeat the exact sentence what they are telling (Fedesco, 2014). Following direction In this problem the children are facing the problem in focusing and the sustaining of the attention. In this it seems that the children are getting the complete understanding of the things and also even the write down of the directions but it all turns out in the wrong assignment which is executed incorrectly. In this the children only hear the one of the four parts of the things which may cause the problem (Chang, Choi and Chung, 2014). To improve this type of the problem the teacher needs to take some of the important measures which are given below: Establishment of the eye contact It is very needed to establish the eye contact with the students for the teacher so that they cannot get diverted from understanding and the following of the direction. Sometimes it is needed to pause in delivering the sentence so that the students get the proper meaning of the sentences and if necessary the teacher needs breaks up the sentence and also discuss the proper meaning of the sentence (Thibaut et al., 2014). Use of the visuals While giving the direction to the children the teacher needs to make some of the interactive by using some of the visual interactive methods so that the students seeks the attention without diverting to the other things and the teacher also needs to impress the students so that they can make the assignment of the different things which are related to the study (Chang, Choi and Chung, 2014). Taking tests In the taking of the tests the students also face some of the basic problems which are given below (Zilberberg et al., 2014): Identification of the problem areas In this the teacher helps the students doing the proper identification of the problem areas and also how to improve that area by enhancing the skills of the students and also reduce the level of the examination stress. This also acts as the first step to do the determination of the difficulty areas of the students. Proper ideas of the areas of the study Children in most of the cases are unaware of the whole idea of the study and also that which part they needs to prepare for the tests. So to determine this level of the awareness of the childs level the teacher needs to check some of the major issues which are to arrange the review session for the children so that they can identify the problem areas and also get the proper solution in that areas and the teacher also needs to look after the proper planning of the study to get in a systematic way. Next, the teacher also needs to do the proper assessment of all the attention, focus and the listening skills. Grading system of the test Grading system of the test have the both the positive and the negative side. In analyzing the positive side of the grading it creates the whole feedback of the knowledge of the students through which the teacher can do the analyze about the merit level of the students. By considering the negative side of the feedback sometimes this grading system causes the negative impacts on the children mind if the grade of the two students is compared with each others (Weekes, 2012). Moving about the classroom In doing the constant motion in the class room some of the students may face the problem of the attention deficit order. The children facing this type of the problem make the movement in the class room more than the eight times which are excessive in nature. This is also known as the hyper active behavior which is mainly caused by the brain based biological disorder (Classroom Discourse, 2014). Distinguish the breaking point If there is the time provided for doing the distinguish between the some of the lessons but the children who are facing that type of the problem can still find the time is short for doing the assessment. So the teacher needs to help the students to make some of the measures so that they can get the proper ideas about the thing in the given time (Gurkaynak, n.d.). To built of the movement throughout the whole school day The teacher needs to make the student understand and also needs to make the habit of seating in the one particular place so that the environment of the class and also the attention of the other students not get towards the another things (Grkan and Iandoli, 2014). To provide some of the alternatives in the standard classroom There are some of the students who do the work in a good way if they are allowed to do the movement in the whole class room. Children are not having the focus if they are not allowed to do the movement in the class room. Teacher needs to do give the proper attention so that the children can get the habit of seating in the one place and do the whole assessment (Imani and Habil, 2012). Give the encouragement in the physical activity Parents and the teacher both needs to play some of the important role to improve the condition of the children. They also needs to help the children in such a way that the children can grow the habit of seating or standing in the one place for some time on their own which is not be by force (Cohen, 1984). Talking support the arguments with the examples from the own practices In some of the arguments the teacher gives some of the lectures which are regarding the matters of the discussion by using the good premises which are both relevant and true in regarding the study. The teacher also makes to ensure that after the lecture it also gives the good support of the whole conclusion and also needs to do the whole check of the full things and the students also needs to do some of the jot down of the main points regarding the main topics and also the relevant aspects (Zhou et al., 2012). So that the whole lecture is stored and also use in the future if it is needed for the future studies. The teacher also needs to make sure that the students are jotting the all about the argument, conclusion and the deduction of the study. Teacher also notice that the students are avoiding the logical types of the fallacies which are both irrelevant and the illegitimate in nature comparing the study in which there is the lack age of the evidence for giving the support of the cl aim. Teacher also needs to notice that the students who are jotting down the important points of the study have the proper and the meaningful logic (Gurkaynak, n.d.). 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